Applied Mathematics Function to Map Evolutionary Processes  This research is focused on fluid flow dynamics in porous material--more specifically in relation to nuclear waste contamination. It has recently been more focused on the development of mathematical models to predict disease progression, which includes HIV-1 dynamics, brain tumor progression, cholera colonization of the intestine, and early detection of specific antigens in the blood. While many of these projects are quite specific, the tools developed may be applied to mapping and predicting evolutionary processes in general. One of the projects that has spun out of the main effort focuses on the imaging, mapping, and progression prediction of brain cancer. The mathematical and statistical modeling is being integrated into a bioimplantable sensor for monitoring brain cancer. While this technology is still in a very early stage, it appears that there is at least a basic code that has been developed that is functional. Future work is focused on fine tuning the code and validating the brain cancer imaging and prediction function of the biosensors to allow for real time simulation. |
Embedded systems and Artificial Intelligence Derived Biosensor Devices This is application-driven research focused on the use of artificial intelligence and embedded systems in biosensors and imaging devices. One of the technologies that is being developed involves a device that traps and kills HIV infected cells. The device conceivably would be implanted into the lymph system and proactively recruit infected cells. Additionally, research is focused on a sensor to map the progression of brain cancer using 3-D mathematical modeling and an embedded systems approach. While these are early stage technologies, the architecture that enables functionality of the sensors involves the generation of a circuit without using a microprocessor. The research has yielded a way to use JAVA to create the circuit. This concept could have the potential to be used in a number of different applications, including wide use in the biosensor field. |
Surface Science and Nano-Tribology Laboratory (SSNTL)  The Surface Science and Nano-Tribology Laboratory (SSNTL) is equipped with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), a Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM), a Nano Indenter XP system, a Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS) and other major equipment. Ongoing activities includes studies of surface mechanics and nano-tribology, as well as surface structure of polymeric coatings and other molecular films, and corrosion mechanisms at the micro and nano-scale. For example, a modified SPM has been used to study mechanical properties of nanomaterial and the newly developed Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscope (LEIS) enables measurement of the impedance dot by dot with a resolution of microns while it scans across the surface of sample. Combined with Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM), that can image surface morphology with nano and sub-nano resolution, this technology allows investigation of corrosion mechanism in micro and nano-scale. Other areas of expertise include the mechanisms of fouling release coatings (nanotribological properties of non-toxic fouling release coating systems) and micro mar resistance (MMR), and different responses of the coatings/materials to scratch stress. |
Applied Chemical and Morphological Analysis Laboratory  The Applied Chemical and Morphological Analyses Laboratory (ACMAL) is a university facility that houses an extensive array of electron microanalytical and x-ray instruments. Electron beam instrumentation includes two scanning electron microscopes (SEM), a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a focused ion beam milling system (FIB). X-ray equipment includes a sequential x-ray fluorescence spectrometer and five x-ray diffractometers. |
Integrated Photonics and Materials Integration Laboratory The equipment in the laboratory serves the fabrication, testing and analysis of photonic and piezoelectric structures, materials and film-based devices. Research in integrated photonics centers on the use of magneto-optic and electro-optic materials. Recent work has centered on the development and fabrication of magnetic photonic crystals. A second thrust involves the development and fabrication of optical and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based on novel highly efficient piezoelectric films.
Tools consist of an rf magnetron sputtering system for the fabrication of magneto-optic films; an electron-beam writing system housed in a JEOL 6400 SEM and a Hitachi Focused Ion Beam (FIB) System for nano-patterning of photonic structures, both housed in the Applied Chemical and Morphological Analysis Laboratory; a metal evaporator for the deposition of electrodes; a micro-manipulator; a prism-coupler for the study of refractive indices and film thickness; an optical testing laboratory for the analysis of waveguide devices that includes HP and Ando infrared tunable laser sources. |
Atomic and Molecular Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory The objective of the research in the atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy laboratory is to gain knowledge about the basic properties of ions and neutral atoms and molecules, with a particular emphasis on the properties of molecules in electrical discharges.
A tunable CW diode laser of bandwidth better than 1 MHz and stability on the order of 100 MHz per hour was designed and built in the laboratory. Additional equipment includes a high power, high resolution tunable dye pulsed laser pumped by the third harmonic of an Nd-YAG laser along, with electronics capable of processing events as fast as half a nanosecond and detecting a single photon. |
Internal Combustion Engines This research program covers a range of topics that can find application for internal combustion engines. Specific topics include droplet and particle sizing methods, fuel sprays and liquid atomization,heat transfer and fluid mechanics. |
Text, Image and Video Databases This research program focuses on a topics associated with motion analysis and object tracking, document image processing, pattern recognition and machine learning. More generally, issues under investigation include data mining in text, image and video databases as well as neural networks design and application. |
µMRI Techniques for Detection and Investigation of Articular Cartilage This research program is generally designed to use high resolution MRI and other microscopic imaging techniques to study a number of important engineering, biological and biomedical problems. More specifically, the research is focused on detecting cartilage degradation, an early event in osteoarthritis using µMRI. The techniques developed are capable of a transverse resolution of 14 microns across the full depth of the cartilage tissue layer. This microscopic resolution allows examination of tissue properties in individual histological zones in cartilage non-invasively and non-destructively. |
Exact Diagonalization Methods for Understanding Nanostructures, Spin Chains, High-Tc Cuprates, Ladders and Frustrated Spin Systems This research program, oriented toward understanding strongly correlated condensed matter, involves apply numerical techniques to probe and understand the properties of strongly correlated electronic systems. The research is focused on Exact Diagonalization methods as a tool for understanding nano structures, High-Tc cuprates, ladders, spin chains and frustrated spin systems. |
Statistical Modeling and Inference for Computational Imaging and Signal Analysis This is an extensive research program exploring the application of statistical modeling and inference to problems in computational imaging and signal analysis. Formative work was conducted in the area of multi-frame blind deconvolution with physical system-constraints. More recently, the program has been oriented toward system design and analysis for computational sensing and imaging; image restoration and synthesis with system uncertainties; active imaging with sparse arrays; multi-spectral mine detection; and image recovery from intensity measurements. The work has cross-cutting application including aeronautical and aerospace engineering. |
Sensor, Ad Hoc and Wireless Network Security and Vulnerability This research and technology development program is focused on sensor networks including issues related to vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), wireless ad hoc networks and sensor networks, cross-layer network design, dependable computing and communication systems, as well as network resource allocation & management. Most recent activity has been focused on tireless network security: cyber security assessment, systematic security design as well as vulnerability analysis and trust models for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. |
Structural Roles of Water in Bone Observed by Solid-State NMR  Vibrational spectroscopy is used to solve problems dealing with molecular structure. Nearly any type of sample can be analyzed by Raman spectroscopy because of the flexibility of using a focused laser beam as the light source. The current focus is on apatite, a form of calcium phosphate, which is the major constituent of bone and is also found as a natural mineral in rocks. The lab creates apatite substituted with ions typically found in bone in order to support Raman analysis of bone tissue. A silane hydrolysis process also is being explored, to develop a Raman detection method and study the kinetics of the process. The materials studied are diverse and have also included proteins containing the heme group (hemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase), inorganic glasses (germanium diselenide doped with metals) and polymers (azoazromatic polyethers). Modern computational modeling of molecular structure and conformation augments experimental studies. |
NMR Spectrometer With support from the Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities: Departmental Multi-User Instrumentation (CRIF:MU) Program, the Department of Chemistry at Eastern Michigan University has acquired a 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Spectrometer. This instrument permits the initiation of projects not possible currently and will lead to greater interaction of faculty in Chemistry with those in the College of Technology and Biology. Research projects to benefit from the NMR spectrometer include studies on nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardants, natural product synthesis, nitrogen heterocycle synthesis, and organic and heterocycle synthesis. This instrument helps attract research-oriented faculty and improve the learning experience for graduate and undergraduate student researchers. The formal teaching program will be immediately and positively affected in a senior laboratory class on synthesis. |
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